There has been little research done on the LPE subtype of conduct disorder that relate to comorbidity, prognosis, and developmental antecedents, and overlap with psychopathic personality; researchers comprised a sample of 1839 children ages 8-10 and followed up with in early adolescence to analyze these factors. Parents and teachers of the children completed questionnaires and found that children with the LPE subtype exhibited more CD symptoms and comorbid problems including ODD and ADHD. These children were also at higher risk for future CD symptoms. They found that the following were antecedents to the LPE subtype: fearlessness, callous-unemotional traits, interpersonal traits, harsh parenting in early childhood. This research can help lead to development and improvement for prevention/intervention programs for children with conduct issues.
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